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Home arrow Alutiiq Language arrow Basic Grammar
Basic Grammar
Basics of Alutiiq Grammar PDF Print E-mail

Compiled from Dr. Jeff Leer's Classroom Grammar of Koniag Alutiiq, Kodiak Island Dialect and A Conversational Dictionary of Kodiak Alutiiq, P.H. Knecht's Alutiiq Hypercard Lesson and Alutiiq Language (Sugtestun) Lessons, with input from various Native speakers and Jeff Leer.

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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Syllables PDF Print E-mail

Here are some hints to help you identify the syllables in Alutiiq words.

When two consonants appear side by side, they will be in different syllables. Separate the syllables between the two consonants.

Example word:

piugta (dog) piug • ta

 

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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The Apostrophe - Where and Why PDF Print E-mail

The apostrophe is found within Alutiiq words on certain occasions, and this may be confusing to English speakers accustomed to seeing apostrophes only in phrases like Sarah's cat or contractions like can't. There are more instances and different reasons in Alutiiq where the apostrope will occur. Some examples below will illustrate the most often encountered apostrophes in Alutiiq.

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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Number Endings PDF Print E-mail

In English, we differentiate between singular (one thing) and plural (two or more things) by adding an s; seal becomes seals. In the Alutiiq language, there are different endings for singular, dual (2), as well as plural (three or more) nouns.

As a general rule, singular words in Alutiiq end in q, dual words end in k, and plural words end in t.

alagnaq berry
alagnak two berries
alagnat three or more berries

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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Regional Variation of Kodiak Alutiiq PDF Print E-mail

When people are spread out over a landscape, their separation over time will lead do differences in how they speak. The Eskimoan languages are related to eachother from the Alutiiq region all the way to Greenland, but are more similar the closer they are together, since neighbors have more opportunity to interact. This pattern is true on a smaller scale as well within the Alutiiq Nation.

Kodiak Alutiiq and Alaska Peninsula Alutiiq are part of the Koniag Alutiiq dialect of the Alutiiq language. Kodiak Alutiiq could be considered a sub dialect because there are some words used on the Kodiak Archipelago that are not used on the Alaska Peninsula, and vice versa. On an even smaller scale, there are sub-sub dialects within the Kodiak Archapelago. It is well known among speakers that people from Afognak and Karluk have a slightly different way of speaking than those from the southern part of the island. Speakers can actually tell what village someone is from by the way they speak Alutiiq. Though all of these "micro dialects" are part of the greater Alutiiq Language, it is important to preserve them as well. These regional variations are part of what makes our language beautiful.

Because of prolonged Russian contact on Kodiak Island, hundreds of Russian words have been integrated into our language (Leer 1978). This influence is particularly pronounced on Afognak island.

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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Noun Stems PDF Print E-mail
Alutiiq speakers add suffixes to nouns in order to add or change meanings and create new words. A student of Alutiiq can learn how to add suffixes to a noun by memorizing a few rules. To add a suffix to a noun or verb you must be able to first strip it to its stem. A stem is the basic unit of a word, but it is not a word on its own. It can only be paired with one or a number of suffixes to create a word. Suffixes will be added to the end of a word stem similar to the way "dog" becomes "dogs" in English - only it is a little more complicated.

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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Verb Stems PDF Print E-mail

Creating verb stems is similar to creating noun stems. You must find the stem of a verb before you can add the proper suffix and construct a sentence. In the Alutiiq language there are two types of verbs: transitive, and intransitive. The main difference is that transitive verbs have action directed at a specific object (him, her, or it), while intransitive verbs do not have a specific object, or are directed at ones-self or one another.

Intransitive
nerluni (to eat) "He is eating."
Transitive
nerluku (to eat it) "He is eating it"

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Last Updated ( Monday, 26 March 2007 )
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